Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

籼三系不育系楠丰67A选育和利用评价研究

[目的]选育籼三系不育系楠丰67A,并对其利用价值进行评价.[方法]介绍楠丰67A的选育经过、特征特性、稻米品质遗传特点和制繁种关键技术,探讨其应用价值及潜力.[结果]研究迟熟早籼矮败型不育系楠丰67A,典败率96.78％,柱头外露率43.98％,其中双外露率25.30％.株型好,一般配合力(GCA)效应值总体高于珍汕97A,单株穗数、穗总粒数和结实率比珍汕97A有更强的杂种优势,单株粒重、千粒重的特殊配合力(SCA)效应方差较小,软胶稠度,中低直链淀粉含量,中感稻瘟病.2009年通过浙江省农作物审定委员会组织的技术鉴定.[结论]该研究对今后三系不育系的选育和楠丰67A的利用具有指导意义.     

对新引进IR不育系的观察与评价

从印度引进１５个ＩＲＲＩ育成的不育系和相应的保持系，在中国水稻研究所试验基地（富阳）观测其育性及主要农艺性状，并初步配组测产。结果表明，１０个不育系育性稳定，符合标准；ＩＲ５８０２５Ａ与明恢６３、Ｔ９０１０配组，其杂种产量与汕优６３相仿，但生育期较短、米质较优。     

茄子创新资源的耐热及抗青枯病评价研究

优良的种质资源是品种选育的重要基础。本研究的目的是明确茄子创新资源的抗性水平,培育适应华南地区高温和青枯病易发特点的新品种。本研究利用茄子苗期耐热快速鉴定和浸根接种青枯菌鉴定方法,对12份茄子创新自交系开展耐热性和抗青枯病鉴定。获得处理4天的细胞膜相对电导率和热害指数。发现8份紫红长茄中有3份为耐热(13009-4-4-3、3309-5-4-1-2和5-1-1-2-1)和2份中等耐热(3-1-2和10009-3-2-1);3份白茄中有1份耐热(10009-5-3-1-1)和1份中等耐热(10015-5-3-4-1);苗期接种6周鉴定筛选获得1份高抗(3309-5-4-1-2)、2份抗病(10009-3-2-1和3410-14-1-4-2)和1份中抗(3-1-2)青枯病材料。根据耐热和抗病鉴定结果共获得1份(3309-5-4-1-2)耐热高抗青枯病自交系,1份(10009-3-2-1)中等耐热抗青枯病,1份(3-1-2)耐热和抗青枯病均表现为中等水平。     

从不同源杂交种选育玉米二环系的配合力研究

在玉米育种中以GCA,SCA为指标选择玉米二环系的源杂交种作为基础材料来选系,从而选择优良的玉米自交系和杂交组合,本研究结果表明,这种选育玉米自交系的方法是可行和有效的.     

Roles of Root Aerenchyma Development and Its Associated QTL in Dry Matter Production under Transient Moisture Stress in Rice

Abstract

Enhanced aerenchyma development in rice under transient drought-to-waterlogged (TD-W) stress promotes root system development by promoting lateral root production. This study analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W stress. A mapping population of 60 F₂ genotypes of chromosome segment substituted lines (CSSL) derived from CSSL47 and Nipponbare crosses were grown in rootboxes and evaluated for shoot and root growth, and aerenchyma development (expressed as root porosity). The TD-W stress was imposed starting with water saturated soil condition at sowing and then to progressive drought from 0 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) prior to exposure to sudden waterlogging for another 17 days (21 to 38 DAS). We performed simple and composite interval mapping to identify QTLs for aerenchyma development. QTL associated with aerenchyma development was mapped on the short-arm of chromosome 12 and designated as qAER-12. The effect of qAER-12 on the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W was significantly associated with the increase in lateral root elongation and branching. This resulted in greater root system development as expressed in total root length and consequently contributed to higher dry matter production. This qAER-12 is probably the first reported QTL associated with aerenchyma development in rice under TD-W and is a useful trait for the improvement of the adaptive capability under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.     

杂交粳稻不育系的遗传多样性

为探讨粳稻遗传多样性,为粳稻不育系的改良提供依据,对我国杂交粳稻中的40个不育系进行亲缘系数分析。结果表明,约60%不育系间的亲缘系数(COP)值为0,COP值变异范围为0.00~0.75,平均值仅为0.03,大多数不育系在系谱上的遗传关系很小或无遗传关系。通过COP聚类分析,供试不育系聚为6个类群,第1个类群共有10个不育系,核心亲本为农垦58;第2个类群共有20个不育系,初步系谱分析表明,他们都是藤板5号的衍生系;第3个类群共有7个不育系,均为农垦57的后代;第4、5、6类群均仅有1个不育系,这些不育系之间以及与其他类群之间的不育系没有共同的祖先亲本。认为,粳稻不育系间系谱上的遗传差异较大,遗传多样性较高。     

桔红心大白菜及其近等基因系生长发育过程中胡萝卜素含量变化规律初探

以桔红心大白菜及其白心大白菜近等基因系、1组近等基因系和桔红心自交系杂交的杂种一代4份材料为试材,采用HPLC法测定不同生育期及其内外叶的胡萝卜素含量。结果表明:具有红色基因r的材料,苗期胡萝卜素含量高于其它生育期,在莲座期和结球期胡萝卜素含量均为外叶高于内叶;具有Rr的材料,表现型虽为白心,但胡萝卜素含量明显高于白心纯合体的材料。     

五十二份南瓜自交系材料病毒病调查与分析

利用群体抗性标准,对课题组选育的52份南瓜自交系材料进行病毒病的田间发病情况调查分析.结果表明:不同南瓜自交系对病毒病的抗病性存在明显差异,未发现病毒病免疫和高抗类型材料;抗病类型材料4份,为甜面瓜、112-2、042-1、360-3,占供试材料总数的7.69％;中抗类型材料22份,占供试材料总数的42.31％;感病26个,占供试材料总数的50％.     

糖能兼用甘蔗新品系宿根季评价

对近年选育的12个参试品系进行了产量、品质及其主要工农艺性状研究,结果表明：FN02-3924、FN02-5707和FN02-20169表现早熟、高产、高糖,且工农艺综合性状优良,推荐进一步试验研究,可望选育成为糖能兼用甘蔗新品种;FN02-6427也具有早熟、高产、高糖和茎粗等优点,但较早开花,有一定的推广价值,宜较早收获。早期锤度研究表明,FN02-3924特早熟高糖,作能源甘蔗可提早2个多月开榨,具有广阔的应用前景。